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In answer to the age-old question, "Why are some people thin, and others fat," science has historically been able to offer only partial, sometimes terribly inadequate, answers. The new science of Brown Adipose Tissue (B.A.T.) Thermogenics offers the first legitimate answer to the problem of obesity. B.A.T. is unquestionably the most important obesity related development in decades. Reactivating a special organ of the body known as B.A.T., scientists have demonstrated an ability to reverse the cause of most human obesity. For genetic or other reasons, brown adipose tissue sometimes malfunctions. When that happens, excess dietary calories are stored by the body as adipose tissue (white or yellow fat) rather than being burned as wasted energy or heat. The consumption of so-called thermogenic agents which contain chromium and/or hydroxycitrate as either synthetic or derived from the fruit of rind of garcinia cambogia do not measurably improve B.A.T. and will not result in the long-term loss of body fat. (However it will help control blood sugar level and prevent formation of new fat by promoting production of Glycogen, as a quick energy storage; added by Dr. Dekel)

The bottom line in terms of all human nutrition is the calorie. A calorie is a measure of heat. In nutrition, it is often equated to the energy-producing, or heat-producing value of food. We measure energy and heat produced through cellular oxidation in calories. The more calories produced by a cell, the more work the cell can do. In practice, we often speak of potential energy in foods. Thus the term "dietary calories" refers to the amount of energy or heat that could be derived from consumed foods. So the terms "calorie, energy, work and heat" all go together to describe the manner in which life processes are maintained. "Excess" calories refer to the calories remaining in digested foods after all cellular needs are met. It is the fate of these calories that determines if you are thin or fat.

B.A.T. deals with the manner in which the body either utilizes or stores excess dietary calories.

It also is concerned with the elimination of fat that is already stored as "white" body fat. Fat management must address the problem of excess dietary calories, preventing their being deposited as fat; it must also address the related problem of calories that have already been converted to body fat. B.A.T. is the first science that successfully deals with these twin problems. The reader desiring a thorough understanding of B.A.T. should consider reading this author's book, "Fat Management: The Thermogenic Factor, " (1994) available from Victory Publications (1-800-572-2080).

B.A.T. is unlike any other tissue in the body. Although the term "adipose tissue" roughly equates to "fat," brown adipose tissue is not at all like white adipose tissue (W.A.T.). W.A.T. is storage fat, i.e., a place where excess dietary calories are stored. This is the fat you see and are trying to lose. B.A.T., by contrast, is located discreetly between the shoulder blades, around the spinal column and adjacent to glands and organs of the body, and is an area of intense metabolic activity, where caloric energy is converted into heat energy. Dietary calories that enter brown adipose tissue are not stored, but are burned off. This burning of calories is known as thermogenesis; thermo = heat; genesis = create. It is made possible by the presence. In B.A.T. of a special protein, unique to B.A.T., called the uncoupling protein. Heat created in B.A.T. helps maintain body temperature. Additional heat is dissipated into the surrounding air. The earlier term, "fat burner" hinted at the eventual development of B.A.T. but focused on lean muscle metabolism rather than on brown adipose tissue, and hence missed the mark widely.

The Thermogenic Cascade.

Under normal conditions, excess dietary calories find their way to BAT, where they initiate what I call the "thermogenic cascade" in that tissue. Essentially all excess dietary calories can be burned off in well functioning B.A.T. As children, most currently over weight people were actually quite thin and had healthy B.A.T., but as time went on, a combination of dietary, behavioral, age and sex-related, hormonal and environmental signals triggered a gene that led to the shut-down of activity in B.A.T. The inactive B.A.T. could no longer burn away excess dietary calories. The body, unable to utilize these calories in normal metabolic pathways (that's why they are excess to begin with), and unable to incinerate them through B.A.T., was left with just one avenue: to store them as body fat. Hence, the body can only deal with dietary calories in three ways: use, burn or store.

When the first two choices are gone, only the third remains. This logic leads to the inescapable conclusion that over weight people are unable to use and/or burn calories effectively. Past ignorance of the burn option (B.A.T.) has led experts to deal with obesity solely through dietary and exercise recommendations that were designed, on the one hand, to improve the body's ability to "use" calories, and on the other hand, to restrict dietary calories to fewer than the body could "use." These tactics failed, as anyone will verify who has had to deal with excess fat. In fact, in many cases, the result was worse than the failure; an actual worsening of the condition occurred - the yo-yo phenomenon: lose 5 pounds, gain back 10. And as often as not, lost weight involved as much lean tissue as fat, whereas gained weight was almost invariably pure fat. In B.A.T., the underlying distinction between the fat and the thin person is not how well they "use" calories, but how well they burn them.

On average, a person "uses" about 85% of all ingested calories to meet the energy requirements of daily metabolic activity. This means a person has to deal with an average of 15% excess dietary calories. Exercise and dietary manipulation can improve the efficiency caloric utilization by just a few percentage points. Thus, while the average utilization is 85% or 88%, the number of excess calories is reduced to 13% or 12%. These 15%, 13% or 12% EXCESS calories are what make us fat - not the 85%0, The thin person has active B.A.T., the fat person does not. Efforts designed to indirectly reduce the amount of excess calories by manipulating the 85% side of the equation are missing the point. Successful fat management should be aimed directly at the calories that make us fat, i.e., the 15% , case calories. We all know people who seem to remain thin without paying much attention to exercise and counting calories. They apparently deal with all excess dietary calories just fine. In their case, the percentage of excess calories does not seem to be an important factor; it doesn't matter if the figure is 5% or 20%, the excess is dealt with in a manner that leaves 0% for fat storage. This point cannot he overemphasized. While you are struggling with unimaginable diets and impossible exercise routines in order to lower your number of excess calories by a couple of percentage points, the thin person burns off 100% of his excess calories without giving it a thought. Knowledge of this idea is of critical importance, because understanding and benefiting from B.A.T. requires a complete paradigm shift in the way we think about fat management. Old conceptions of dieting and exercise simply must make way for procedures that deal directly with the crux of the problem: the body's inability to burn off excess calories. If we can reactivate B.A.T. in over weight people, we can, in one simple procedure, reverse the obese condition. Once B.A.T. is operational, exercise and improvements in diet can help make the person healthier, but not thinner.

This separation of understanding B.A.T. suggests ways for reversing the over weight state by reigniting B.A.T. This is done by consuming materials that stimulate B.A.T. and is under the control of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). That means that in order to stimulate B.A.T., we have to stimulate the SNS. Caroler SNS stimulation can lead to adrenal overload, heart palpitations, high blood pressure and a variety of other risks. For years, this problem stood in the way of safe and effective thermogenic manipulation. However, recent studies have shown how to maximally stimulate B.A.T., while minimally impacting other parts of the body under SNS control.

The key natural ingredient for stimulating thermogenesis is the ancient Chinese herb Ma-Huang (Ephedra stnica.) In small therapeutic amounts, Ma-Huang stimulates the SNS enough to alleviate the symptoms of asthma and hay fever. However, this small dose of Ma-Huang will not improve B.A.T.

Efforts to stimulate B.A.T. by consuming increasingly larger amounts of Ma-Huang are unsafe for numerous reasons, the most important being added stress on the adrenal glands and risk of cardiovascular malfunction. In spite of these risks, we find people willing to consume large amounts of Ma-Huang in order to lose weight. The science of B.A.T. has responded to the situation by looking for ways to make small, i.e., safe amounts of Ma-Huang as effective as large unsafe amounts. Three steps are required to render a Ma-Huang based fat management regimen both safe and effective. These steps are discussed below.

Step one.

Combine Ma-Huang (ephedra) with other ingredients that makes it effective in small doses. This is the most important consideration. Research shows that the best added substances are aspirin, and caffeine from a natural source such as bissey nut (kola nut or gooroo nut). These ingredients act synergistically with Ma-Huang, and both are required; the resulting combination of ephedra, caffeine and aspirin (ECA) is a powerful B.A.T. stimulant that maximally improves B.A.T. through the application of minimal doses of ephedra. A carefully balanced, properly ratio, ECA combination has the potential for reactivating long dormant brown adipose tissue, stimulating further growth of that tissue, and significantly rebuilding, thermogenic capacity in B.A.T. ... Herbal-based dietary supplements with all natural ingredients can effectively mimic the research results which led to this patent.

There are a couple of important concerns here. One, it is important to know that willow bark cannot be substituted for aspirin. Unfortunately, despite several similarities in the action of salicin found in willow bark and aspirin derived from salicin, the two substances do not affect B.A.T.T, activity in like manner. Two, the E:C:A ratio is extremely important. Even small deviation from the ideal ratio can render the combination ineffective. Thus, people using ECA should reduce or eliminate other sources of caffeine from their diet. Additional aspirin could be consumed late in the day, but not during the morning hours when ECA is doing most of its work ...

Step Two.

Include adrenal support nutrition in the product. Even a small activation of the SNS causes some stress to the adrenals. Compensation for this stress is possible if the appropriate ECA compound is being consumed, and support is built into the product in the form of vitamin C, pantothenic acid, Siberian ginseng and other nutrients. Compensation for the stress experienced from an inappropriately compounded product-one that contains synthetic ephedrine or large quantities of Ma-Huang - is a much more difficult proposition.

Step Three.

Include usage instructions that make sense. It does not make sense to stimulate the SNS on a continuous basis, day after day, for an extended period time. Intermittent use allows the adrenals, indeed the entire parasympathetic nervous system, to rebound and carry out important vegetative functions that would be frustrated by continual SNS activation ... We have-also found that ECA should not be consumed after 2:00 or 3:00 PM, to avoid upsetting sleep cycles and other parasympathetic processes that occur during sleep. Following this kind of regimen ensures safety while initiating the loss of an average of five pounds of fat per month…

Summary.

When considered from a reasonable, realistic basis, the science of B.A.T. promises to reverse the devastating effects of obesity in thousands of people. It does not rely on gimmicks, but is based on documented scientific research. B.A.T. does exist in humans. In thin people, it is active and consumes up to 100% of all ingested calories in excess of body needs. In fat people, it has stopped working. Consumption of a properly formulated ECA compound can safely and effectively restore B.A.T. function and help people regain the capacity to deal with excess calories. B.A.T. activity will also help reduce body fat that is already stored. Consumers need only be certain that the thermogenic compound they choose meets the safety and efficacy standards established through B.A.T. research.

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